Spring Hepaticas

The genus Hepatica is a member of the Buttercup family (Ranunculacae) it's nearest relative is Anemone to which genus it once belonged. The first named species Anemone hepatica is now known as Hepatica nobilis. There are possibly 12 or more species of Hepatica distributed throughout the northern temperate zone, across most of Europe, Asia, North America and Canada but sadly not in Great Britain. Hepaticas are small, clump forming, almost evergreen perennials and are among the most beautiful flowers of early spring, appearing during the first mild spells of the new year. On bright sunny days, the many single flowers open wide to display their simple beauty and unobtrusive charm. Blue is the usual colour, but pink and white flowers are not uncommon. The colour and form of the stamens and stigma can be very variable, ranging from white, cream and pink to blue, red and even green.

The hairy new leaves unfurl just after flowering in March or April. They are three to five lobed, more usually three, mainly green, but some leaves have very beautiful variegations or marbling on the upper surface.

Hepaticas can be found growing in the wild on both acid and alkaline soils. They usually grow in the leaf-litter, which tends to be neutral or slightly acid. What is important is that they have excellent drainage without drying out completely, plenty of humus and a good source of nutrients. This is often the case in limestone areas where hepaticas are frequently found, but it is misleading to say that hepaticas actually need lime.

Hepaticas we have seen growing in the wild were generally found on woodland slopes, growing in leaf-mould with plenty of moisture in early spring. These slopes are much drier in the summer, but by then the plants are covered in dense shade from the tree canopy above.